Market Orientation for Marketing for Managers

Market Orientation for Marketing for Managers Introduction Background Information The field of business has seen various companies experience productive competition for the past few decades. The success of a business enterprise depends on its market orientation among other aspects. The more oriented a company is, the more likely it is to take over the market in a particular industry.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Market Orientation for Marketing for Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good market orientation can assist a company to predict, react and capitalise on the changes that occur in the business environment. A good market orientation enables a firm to improve its performance in the market by managing the competition it faces (Previous Assignment, 2012). This paper uses Nestle to demonstrate how market orientation works and how it determines the performance of a business. Objectives The first objective of this paper is to define the concept of m arketing management and show its relevance in the overall management of a business. Secondly, the paper defines the concept of market orientation and its benefits tin business. Ultimately, the paper uses Nestle to outline how the concept of market orientation affects operations of a company. Lastly, the paper gives a number of recommendations to Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s management concerning the company’s market orientation. These recommendations are intended to help the management improve the company’s performance. Research Strategy The research strategy used to gather information in this report includes both qualitative and quantitative data. The main methods of data collection for the report include a survey and a literature review. The survey was done by administering face-to-face questionnaires to a total of 6 employees of Nestle. The information obtained from the survey was used to determine how market oriented Nestle is. On the other hand, the literature review was us ed to obtain general information regarding marketing management and market orientation.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing Management Marketing Management Definition Marketing management is a business strategy that involves tracking and application of a company’s resources to ensure that its marketing activities give a high return on investment. Consequently, the scope and design of a business organisation’s marketing management are determined by its size. A properly designed marketing strategy should apply a firm’s resources to improve the base of its customers. This is the most effective way through which a company’s marketing manager can enhance the customers’ opinions regarding the company’s image, products and services (Mullins, 2005). Components of Marketing Management A good marketing management strategy shou ld enable a business firm to achieve its goals and improve its perceived value. For a firm to rise above the current stiff competition in the business field, marketing managers have to develop a marketing strategy that outlines the available opportunities, changes in the industry, and competition. The marketing strategy should also identify the target market to enable the marketing managers to develop a marketing plan that can improve the company’s market share. The main components of a comprehensive marketing management include: market penetration, communication, distribution, and growth strategies (Lancaster Massingham, 2010). The market penetration strategy refers to the process through which marketing managers create new customers for their companies. It involves a thorough evaluation of the available business opportunities, which assists in aggressively selling the company’s products. A good market penetration strategy should be able to sustain a business for a l ong time. This strategy directly determines how the business soldiers on in the industry in which it operates (Lancaster Massingham, 2010). The communication strategy forms an important component of a marketing plan as it assists marketing managers to develop a comprehensive list of potential customers to whom they intend to sell the company’s products.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Market Orientation for Marketing for Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This strategy involves the modes of passing information regarding the company and its products to the target market. Most companies prefer to use catalogs, brochures, email campaign, and posters. Some of the factors that influence the choice of a particular mode are its cost and effectiveness, and the size of the company as well as the nature of the industry in which it operates (Lancaster Massingham, 2010). The distribution strategy works together with the communication approach; the two strategies assist marketing managers to develop effective channels that can be used to ensure that the company’s products reach the consumers at the right time. The most common participants in the distribution plan are the company’s internal sales workers, distributors, who are directly linked to the company and retailers, and the staff, who work for the distributors (Lancaster Massingham, 2010). The last component, the growth strategy, includes long-term tactics that managers use to build their businesses. The growth strategy, depending on the type and size of a business, may involve injecting more resources into the business or amalgamating it with other companies to enjoy the benefits of large-scale. It easier for large-scale businesses to acquire new markets, suppliers and distributors than it is for small-scale ones. A company can also meet the needs of its customers by setting different price levels for its products. For that reason, the growth strategy requires companies to identify and solve their customer problems to ensure that they remain loyal to them for a long time (Lancaster Massingham, 2010).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Market Orientation Market orientation refers to a culture that is set by a particular business; however, it is more than just an individual process. A properly designed market orientation comprises aspects such as systems, processes and controls that affect marketing operations in a business organisation. Consequently, a market oriented business ensures that it designs its products and services in such a way that they satisfy the customers. That main factor that influences market orientation of a particular company is the needs of its customers (Shoham Rose, 2001). Market orientation is exclusively determined by what the customers want and not what the management thinks is right for them. This implies that before a company becomes market oriented, its management should carry out a market research to determine what the target market expects of its products. Most of the companies that succeed in their respective industries are those that take a market-orientated approach and give the ir customers first priority (Deshpandà © John, 1998). Several business organisations have realised the importance of market orientation and most of them are now adopting a market oriented approach. The motive is to produce what the markets are waiting for and what suits the needs of the customers. Before, most companies, such as car manufacturers, created products and sold their features to markets that eagerly waited for them because the customers were less knowledgeable. However, with the growing opportunity costs and the need to make choices, consumers have become more knowledgeable. For companies to stay competitive, they must develop their operations and products to reflect the market orientation in their respective industries (Kirca, Satish, William, 2005). Market orientation is intended to help a business accomplish a number of aspects, with the first one being the expectations of its consumers regarding its products. Secondly, the concept assists marketing managers to con nect and balance the needs of the customers with the capabilities of the companies they buy from. Thirdly, the marketing strategy assists companies to create visions and build relationships with other firms. Lastly, marketing orientation assists marketing managers to develop comprehensive internal marketing plans and communication strategies (Deshpandà © John, 1998). Benefits of Market Orientation A market oriented approach implies that a company is more closely aligned with its customers in terms of its operations. The concept means that a business transforms from a transactional approach, where it does not pay attention to market aspects, to a customer oriented one, where everything it does is controlled by the needs of its clients. There are four main ways through which a business can benefit from a market orientation. The four ways include constant improvement, responsiveness, external influences and cost benefits (Kyriakopoulos, 2000). A market oriented approach helps busines ses to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage; since this approach encourages a culture of experimentation within a business organisation, it assists marketing managers to improve the company’s processes and systems on a regular basis. The market orientation process involves studying the market and exploring opportunities to enable firms to develop and improve their products to suit the needs of their customers (Atuahene-Gima, 1995). Responsiveness is the second benefit that a company can get from the culture of market orientation. One of the main pillars of market orientation is customer focus; organisations that are market oriented are better placed in terms of market responsiveness. As a result, such companies can promptly produce products that cater for the needs of their customers. Market orientation encourages companies to rely on data-driven analysis, which assists them to improve their understanding of the market (Atuahene-Gima, 1995). Thirdly, market orientation assists companies to have greater influence over other firms through a proper understanding of the market. It is evident that most companies that experience a high growth rate and rise above high competition are those that are market oriented. If a company is market oriented, its managers are in a better position to gather comprehensive marketing intelligence and other information that can influence the most important decisions concerning its line of business (Masterson, Pickton, 2010). Lastly, a properly designed market orientation has significant cost benefits to a company. A market oriented approach brings about improved performance in a company. Improved performances, in turn bring about efficiency, where operations are executed at minimum costs. The concept of market orientation helps to minimise a company’s costs, while maximising its efficiency (Kyriakopoulos, 2000). Level of Market Orientation at Nestle Nestle is one of the leading companies in the world that provid e products and services that relate to health and nutrition. The company and its team of marketing personnel are committed to seeing that the local communities improve their lives by assisting them to meet their basic needs. Through market research, Nestle uses its skills, technology and resources to help its customers get the best of its products (Bauer, 2011). To determine how market oriented Nestle is, a survey was conducted in the company. Slater and Narver’s (1990) 14-items tool was used to design the questions in the questionnaires that were administered to the company’s employees on a face-to-face basis. Six of the employees in the top management were chosen as the participants of the study. The main aspects of market orientation that were addressed in the survey included customer orientation, long-term profit focus, competitor orientation and inter-functional coordination. From the survey, it was discovered that Nestle is more than 50% market oriented. Firstly, the company sets all its business objectives in such a way that they consider customer satisfaction. For instance, all Nestle’s brands, including coffee and other drinks, are designed to ensure that all its customer categories are catered for. To ensure that this task is fully accomplished, the marketing managers of the company have set up a team that ensures that its level of commitment and orientation in meeting the customers’ needs are monitored on a regular basis (Nestle, 2011). The company does fairly well in terms of its market orientation; the marketing managers of the company design their strategies for competitive advantage using their understanding of the needs of its customers. The main influential factor behind the marketing strategies that are developed at Nestle is the need to create greater value for the customers. The managers of the company believe that they have great potential to create products of high quality, which their customers prefer most (La do Maydeo-Olivares, 2001). Thirdly, the customer satisfaction at Nestle is gauged on a systematic and frequent basis. This enables the managers to identify and seize any opportunities and remedy any shortfalls in time. The management has also implemented good after-sale services. The two strategies are known for their effectiveness in assisting companies to earn the loyalty of their customers. Loyal customers are those who continue to purchase products of a particular company for a long time. Apart from highly qualified marketing managers, Nestle has highly effective salespersons who aggressively market the company’s products. The salespersons at Nestle are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that they obtain and share information regarding the marketing strategies of the company’s main competitors. The salespeople at Nestle consist of a group of dedicated individuals, who provide the management of the company with the relevant information regarding the strateg ies of its competitors. The information is then used by Nestle’s marketing managers to develop new strategies to help it rise above its competitors (Kirca, Satish, William, 2005). The company also establishes and maintains its market by targeting the existing customer groups and individual customers. In addition, the company establishes markets in areas where it finds easy to develop a competitive advantage. These strategies are regularly discussed by the top management of the company. It is this management team that decides on the most effective marketing strategies to launch at a particular time. However, the marketing managers make regular visits to the company’s prospective customers before any strategy is executed (Deshpandà © John, 1998). Communication is another important aspect that helps Nestle to maintain a strong marketing orientation. The salespeople are expected to communicate information regarding the successful as well as the unsuccessful experiences that they have with the company’s customers. The information is then used by the management team to install the mechanisms Nestle needs to ensure its business functions reflect the needs and expectations of its customers (Deshpandà © John, 1998). Lastly, the other business functions of Nestle work together with the marketing department to ensure that the customers are served according to their needs and expectations. The most active sections of the company, which help the marketing function, include: finance, manufacturing, personnel and transportation departments among others. These departments also work hard to ensure that the target markets are captured and retained for Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s products (Lado Maydeo-Olivares, 2001). Recommendations From the survey that was conducted to determine the level of market orientation at Nestle, it is evident that the company has a fairly strong basis of market orientation. However, there are still chances that it can improve its mar ket oriented approach to accommodate all the required aspects. The company can enhance the approach by improving its customer orientation, competitor orientation, and inter-functional coordination (Kyriakopoulos, 2000). The first step towards achieving a strong market orientation at Nestle involves having a genuine understanding of the requirements and expectations of the company’s clients. The understanding should also include the buying behaviours and characteristics of Nestle’s customers. This understanding is important in establishing the best ways to communicate with the customers. Therefore, the management of Nestle can develop a strong customer orientation by establishing effective ways of communicating with its clients, identifying their problems, and dealing with their complaints amicably (Kyriakopoulos, 2000). Secondly, the marketing managers at Nestle can make the company more market oriented by enhancing competitor orientation. Competitor orientation involv es developing systems and processes to assist in identifying and evaluating competitors in the industry in which a company operates. Consequently, the management of Nestle should establish a structure that addresses aspects such as competitors’ weaknesses and strengths, pricing mechanisms, client bases and product portfolios; it can do that to develop effective strategies that can help it stay ahead of its competitors (Masterson, Pickton, 2010). Lastly, the management of Nestle can improve its market oriented approach by improving inter-functional coordination among its departments. This strategy involves ensuring that the different departments work with one another to develop products that satisfy the needs and expectations of the customers. To achieve a strong inter-functional coordination, Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s management should develop an effective communication network to connect all the operating departments in the company (Masterson, Pickton, 2010). Conclusion The main aim of this report is to address the concept of market orientation and to establish the ways in which this concept can be used to determine how companies conduct their businesses in their respective industries. Market orientation refers to the approach in which a company uses to ascertain and incorporate the needs and expectations of its customers in designing its products. It assists companies to manufacture products that satisfy the needs and requirements of the customers. Nestle is used in this report to address the concept of market orientation. Nestle is a market oriented company that gives first priority to its customers. It can improve its market oriented approach further by enhancing inter-functional coordination among its functional units, as well as its customer and competitor orientations. References Atuahene-Gima, K. (1995). An exploratory analysis of the impact of market orientation on new product performance: A contingency approach, Journal of Product Innovation Manage ment, 12(4), 275-93. Bauer, W. (2011). Our vision: Innovation, technology and research development. Retrieved from https://www.nestle.com/RandD/OurVision/OurVision Deshpandà ©, R., John, U. F. (1998). Measuring Market Orientation: Generalization and Synthesis. Journal of Market- Focused Management, 2(1), 213–32. Kirca, A. H., Satish, J, William, O. B. (2005). Market Orientation: A Meta-analytic review and assessment of its antecedents and impact on performance. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 24–41. Kyriakopoulos, K. (2000). The market orientation of cooperative organizations: Learning strategies and structures for integrating cooperative firm and members. Assen: Van Gorcum. Lado, N., Maydeo-Olivares, A. (2001). Exploring the link between market orientation and innovation in the European and US insurance markets. International Marketing Review, 18(2), 130-45. Lancaster, G., Massingham, L. (2010). Essentials of marketing management. New York, NY: Taylor Francis. Mas terson, R., Pickton, D. (2010). Marketing: An introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Mullins, J. W. (2005). Marketing management: A strategic, decision-making approach. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. Nestle. (2011). Product development. Retrieved from https://www.nestle.com/ Previous Assignment. (2012). Marketing Orientation. Shoham, A., Rose, G. M. (2001). Marketing orientation: A replication and extension. Journal of Global Marketing, 14(4), 2-25.

Quality Management in Education

Quality Management in Education Introduction Improving the quality of education around the world has become an important activity as many institutions of higher education (colleges and universities) struggle to create better educational opportunities for their current and prospective students. According to various stakeholders in the education sector, quality management has become one of the fundamental components of higher education in the 21st century.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Quality Management in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The access to education is no longer an important fundamental component of education as quality education continues to gain centre stage in many educational institutions. Basic education is now deemed insufficient or incomplete if it is not accompanied by quality management in teaching and learning strategies. Quality education has gained a lot of importance as it is used in the development of exce llence, knowledge and expertise which are vital aspects in the growth of an economy (Ali Shastri, 2009). Many educational institutions around the world have developed strategies that will be used in the establishment of higher education to ensure that there is quality in education provision. This has mostly been possible as a result of the increasing importance and value placed on leadership and leadership skills within organizations. Gaining good leaders to be established in the world is only possible when there are developed systems of higher education that will ensure efficiency and effectiveness remain as the sole criteria of evaluating performance (Ali Shastri, 2009). The purpose of this study will be to determine what institutions of higher learning have to do so as to achieve quality in their educational objectives, missions, visions, goals and strategies. The study will first discuss the aspect of quality and quality management in a general sense and then focus on how qual ity management is applied in educational institutions. Quality Management Quality management is part of the management strategies that are aimed at achieving quality goals within organizations through the execution of organizational activities such as planning, monitoring, control and quality assurance to ensure quality has been achieved in the business processes and operations of an organization.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quality management is based on principles such as customer focus, cost leadership, product/service development and the continual improvement of a company’s operations so as to achieve a competitive edge in the market. The most commonly used quality management technique in organizations is the total quality management (TQM) approach which aims at improving the total quality of business operations within an organization (Cua et al, 2001). O ther approaches that are used in quality management include ISO performance improvement standards (ISO certification), quality management systems, quality function deployment and the six-sigma quality management technique. The main objectives of all these quality management approaches are to organize the efforts of employees within organizations so that their work performance produces outputs that are of a high quality and standard (Anand et al, 2010). The main component of quality management is quality which is defined as the degree to which a certain group of intrinsic properties satisfy certain requirements. The term intrinsic properties refer to the innate or permanent properties that exist in certain aspects, matters or situations where these properties meet the expectations of outlined standards or requirements (Dahlgaard et al, 2002). Quality applies to products, services, business operations, organizational systems and interdependent processes that exist within an organizati on. Quality within organizations ensures that the products or services developed by organizations have met the requirements set by the organization’s managers or by the ISO standards that are used to determine the quality of an organization’s products (Cummings Worley, 2008). The concept of quality is based on positive and dynamic ideas that involve achieving the design of meaningful investments rather than negative aspects that lead to product or service defects. Because quality is both a dynamic and positive idea, it has the ability to continuously evolve making the concept an endless journey that has a deliberate purpose which is that of improving the standards of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Quality Management in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Quality and quality management are both customer-focused approaches that are meant to improve the processes of an organ ization through the use of interdependent systems such as planning, evaluation, control and quality assurance (Mukhopadhyay, 2005). The current view of quality management in today’s modern organization is that it is a system made up of interdependent processes that have been linked in a lateral way meant to create a network of internal and external collaboration between suppliers and customers. These interdependent processes have been connected to represent the company’s mission and purpose so that it can be able to achieve its objectives and goals (Bilen, 2010). Another view of quality management is that the people (employees or workers) of an organization are the tools that give organizations a competitive edge over their rivals. It enables employees to contribute to the overall growth and success of the organization by allowing them to participate in leadership activities, creativity and intelligence building as well as managerial capacity building (Daft Marcic, 20 08). Quality Management in Education Quality management in education is a fairly new concept as the main focus of education in the past has been on ensuring that there is a general accessibility to education by all. This focus has however shifted as more and more educational institutions focus on ensuring that there is accessibility to education that is of a high quality. According to Simin and Xuqing (2005), there are two views that exist on education quality with the first one stating that the quality in educational activities is usually reflected by the quality of students an institution of higher learning is able to churn out to the job market after it has measured their performance against the institutions objectives and goals. The second view of quality education is based on whether the products offered by educational institutions are able to fully maximize the potential and ability of students so that they can be contributing members of the society. These views propose the id ea that education is based on the transformation of students so that they can be contributing members of the society (Sallis, 2002). Quality in the education sector is therefore measured on the type of input and output processes that take place in educational institutions. The input in education according to Ming and Hualin (2011) refers to teaching and learning strategies that are used to instill various concepts and methodologies to students while output refers to students who have actively been transformed through teaching and learning strategies.Advertising Looking for term paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The transformation of students does not only depend on the amount of teaching, training or research they have been given but also on their level of active involvement in the transformation process. This means that the same instructors or teachers working for the same educational institution cannot be able to produce the same cadre of students once the transformational process is over. Also, the active involvement of students in the transformation process varied in nature as every student has their own individual expectations of the learning exercise and also the type of outcomes that will be gained from once they have undergone educational transformation. Quality in education therefore refers to the type of educational activities that will be used to satisfy the requirements of the society by building and nurturing the intellectual capacity of students (Ming Hualin, 2011). Tribus (2010) developed quality principles based on the works of Edwards Deming to reflect quality in educatio n. According to Tribus, the first principle in quality education refers to the redefinition of education where the role of faculty advisors, deans, lecturers and student advisors is translated to reflect quality provision of educational services. This principle discusses how various educational providers work within a system similar to that of an organization. The job of the faculty head or vice chancellor of the institution is to work on the system so as to constantly improve it continuously with other members of staff. Constant improvement refers to finding better ways of improving the quality of education with institutions of higher learning (Tribus, 2010). The second principle of quality in education according to Tribus (2010) is that quality improvement is the answer to any educational problem that might be experienced within the educational institution. This principle involves determining the customer’s perceptions of quality and using this perception to develop educati onal programs that will meet their expectation. According to Pfeifer (2002), the quality of any process is usually defined by the type of customers included in the transformation process. Quality management views the customer as the person who is next in line to receive a service or purchase a product and quality will therefore depend on the type of process that is used to meet the expectations of the customer. This according to Tribus (2010) gives rise to an internal customer which in the education context refers to students who are customers of course instructors. The third principle proposed by Tribus (2010) in explaining quality in education is the process over product principle where attention is placed on the process that is used to develop or improve the product. In the educational context, this principle can be translated to mean that if the student’s performance is to be improved, attention needs to be focused on the teaching or learning process and not on the passin g of examinations. This means that the individual potential of students needs to be discovered so that the level of development in the student can be used to develop suitable learning or teaching strategies. Attention is therefore not focused on evaluating and defining the potential of the student but on developing learning techniques that will be used to develop problem-solving abilities. The application of this principle in the quality management of education in higher education institutions involves both the teacher and the learner working together to improve the educational process of the student (Tribus, 2010). The fourth principle of quality in education is the perversity principle which involves improving the performance of a system of people, processes, procedures and practices where goals and objectives are developed for the individual parts of the system. The most commonly used quality management technique in implementing this principle is the management by objectives (MBO ) approach where the manager and subordinate agree on what the subordinate needs to accomplish so as to meet organizational targets. In the educational context, the course instructor and student agree on the course objectives that the student needs to achieve for them to be able to excel and meet their educational requirements (Tribus, 2010). These principles demonstrate quality management in education is depicted in terms of its impact on the students who are targeted by educational programs. Quality management in education targets the improvement of teaching and learning processes so as to transform students during the learning process. Quality management is therefore an inevitable factor that will be used by institutions of higher education to shape their teaching processes so that they can be able to satisfy the various expectations of stakeholders such as parents, students and the society at large. Quality management will ensure that educational goals and objectives developed b y academic institutions have been met and satisfied (Sahney et al, 2004). Application of Quality Management in Universities The basic roles and functions of higher education include seeking and cultivating new knowledge that will enable students to engage in the vigorous pursuit of information, providing the right kind of leadership skills that will help individual learners to develop their potential, equip society with competent individuals who will be trained in various professions and also promote equality or social justice to reduce any instances of social and cultural differences that might arise without any form of education. Higher education in universities and other institutions of learning also seeks to foster teacher student relationships that will instill certain attitudes and values that are needed to develop individuals as well as bring universities/colleges closer to the society at large through the extension of knowledge (Ali Shastri, 2009). Quality management in hig her education is made up of dimensions such as consistency where the education process seeks to provide quality that is consistent in nature, fitness to purpose where quality meets the customer’s specifications, value for money where students pay for course programs in return for efficiency and effectiveness and transformative educational dimensions where education is viewed as an ongoing process that is meant to transform and empower students. Quality management in education therefore seeks to incorporate the above-mentioned dimensions to ensure that there is quality higher education (Becket Brookes, 2008). To be able to achieve total quality management in higher education, universities and colleges need to first create an awareness of the need for quality improvement in their educational programs. This will involve identifying the various segments of teaching or learning programs that are in need of improvement and then informing the relevant actors of the need for change or improvements. Once this is done, goals need to be developed and set to ensure that there is a continuous improvement of the educational programs within the institutions of learning. Once the goals have been set, the next step will involve building organizational frameworks and institutions that will be used to achieve the set out goals (Borahan Ziarati, 2002). These frameworks will include establishing quality councils and selecting project teams for these councils that will be used to achieve quality goals. These frameworks will then be used for quality training where course instructors and lecturers will be trained on how to provide quality education to students. The progress made in quality educational improvement will be monitored to note if there are any inconsistencies in the improvement exercise and also any successes in the programs will be recorded for future developments and improvements. Such strategies and steps can be used by institutions of higher learning to impro ve the quality of education so that students can be able to achieve excellence in their studies (Bogue Bingham, 2003). When it comes to determining how these strategies can be used to improve the quality of education, certain aspects need to be considered for quality management to be successful. These aspects include the inputs, processes and outputs that make up the educational system where inputs include the transformational processes used to in part knowledge to students. Inputs are used within the transformation process to be transformed into outputs that are released back into the external environment. In the context of education, inputs are the human, physical and financial resources needed to make higher educational courses successful and they include students, faculty members and administrators (Hodson Thomas, 2003). Processes on the other hand refer to various operations or actions that are used to transform the inputs into outputs that can be measured against set out goa ls and objectives. The educational process involves a series of actions that are used to train, teach and transform students through educational programs, courses and classroom sessions. The transformational process within an institution of higher learning involves activities that are meant to disseminate knowledge while at the same time conduct research which will be beneficial to the learning process. Outputs are the tangible outcomes of the transformational process and they can either be value addition outcomes which include student employment, examination results and earnings or intangible outcomes which include educated people, contributing members of the society and contributing members of research work (Koslowski, 2006). These three aspects need to be considered when designing quality management systems that will be used to improve education in higher institutions. Once the suitable frameworks have been identified for improving inputs, processes and outputs, extension activit ies will be developed to apply these frameworks in the real educational context. Since the educational system does not operate in isolation, the extensional activities have to incorporate certain factors that exist in the external environment such as socio-cultural factors, economic factors, technological and political factors. These factors need to be considered as quality education ensures that the various problems within society can be solved. Extensional activities will therefore ensure that quality management in education has been directed towards promoting the development of the local community (Pratasavitskaya Stensaker, 2010). Conclusion The purpose of this study has been to assess the concept of quality management in higher educational institutions and also what strategies can be used to achieve quality management in educational programs. The discussion has focused on the aspect of quality in the general context and also in the education setting by identifying the various aspects that are used to improve organizational operations and processes. Quality in organizations involves ensuring the goods, services and processes used within organizations have met certain requirements or standards such as the ISO quality standards. Quality in education on the other hand involves transformational processes that will be used to improve the outputs of the learning process. The study has propagated various techniques and steps that educational institutions can use to improve the delivery of educational content to their students. References Ali, M., Shastri, R.J., (2009). Implementation of total quality management in higher education. Asian Journal of Business Management, 2 (1): 9 -16 Anand, G., Ward, P.T., Tatikonda, M.V., (2010). Role of explicit and tacit knowledge in six sigma projects: an empirical examination of differential project success.  Journal of Operations Management, 28(4): 303- 315 Becket, N., Brookes, M., (2008). Quality management practice in higher education: what quality are we actually enhancing? Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and  Tourism Education, 7(1): 40-54 Bilen, C., (2010). Total quality management in higher education institutions: challenges and future directions. International Journal of Productivity and Quality  Management. 5(4): 473-492 Bogue, E.G., Bingham, H. K., (2003). Quality and accountability in higher education. Cincinnati: Praeger Publishers Borahan, N.G., Ziarati, R., (2002). Developing quality criteria for application in higher education sector in Turkey. Total Quality Management, 13(7): 913-926 Cummings, T.G., Worley, C.G., (2008). Organization development and change. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning Cua, K.O., McKone, K.E., Schroeder, R.G., (2001). Relationships between implementation of TQM, JIT and TPM and manufacturing performance. Journal  of Operations Management, 19(6): 675-694 Daft, R.L., Marcic, D., (2008). Understanding management. Mason, Ohio: South Western Cengage Le arning Dahlgaard, J.J., Kristensen, K., Kanji, G.K., (2002). Fundamentals of total quality  management: process analysis and improvement. London, UK: Taylor and Francis Hodson, P., Thomas, H., (2003). Quality assurance in higher education: fit for new millennium or simply year 200 compliant. Higher Education, 45(3): 375-387 Koslowski, A.F., (2006). Quality and assessment in context: a brief review. Quality  Assurance in Education, 14(3): 277-288 Ming, L., Hualin, Z., (2011). Research and discussion on the education quality  construction for colleges and universities. Zhengzhou, China: Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management Mukhopadhyay, M., (2005). Total quality management in education. New Delhi, India: Sage Publications Limited. Pfeifer, T., (2002). Quality management. Munchen, Germany: Hanser Verlag Pratasavitskaya, H., Stensaker, B., (2010). Quality management in higher education:towards a better understanding of an emerging field. Quality in Higher Ed ucation, 16(1); 37-50 Sallis, E., (2002). Total quality management in education. London, UK: Kogan Page Limited Sahney, S., Banwet, D.K., Karunes, S., (2004). Conceptualizing total quality management in higher education. The TQM Magazine, 16(2): 145- 159 Simin, W., Xuqing, Z., (2005). Educational quality and control modes of mass storage of higher education. Journal of Technology College Education. 10: 105-106 Tribus, M., (2011) Quality management in education. California: Exergy Incorporated

Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Law - Case Study Example the winner. Since football pools are meant for betting in favor one specific team or player, it comes under the definition of gambling. Section 6 (1) and (2) of the Gambling Act 2005 defines gaming in these words: Hence, the activity offered to Wilson is gambling, and does not come under the fold of sports at all. Consequently, the activity is illegal in the eyes of law and void agreement according to the statutes of Contract Act. There are two types of offer and acceptance to an agreements i.e. Express and Implied. Express offer or acceptance involves words, whether written or oral, and Implied form of agreement is considered on the basis of the performance of an act. Since, the cousin accepted the check from Sam, and did not protest against it, it means that he has accepted the terms and conditions of the offer made by Sam. Consequently, the cousin cannot claim any remedies against it, provided he accepted the terms and conditions of the agreement by receiving the check from the borrower i.e. Sam. Since Maureen could not seek any remedy against her supervisor, she had been under constant threat of sexual harassment, she could not get any solid or effective remedy against the harassment, she had to seek legal remedy from the court of law Since the management of Cameo Industries has established some rules within its workplace, they must have implemented these rules for the security and welfare of the staff members on the one hand, and for the growth and discipline of the organization on the other. The employment law, Lester (2001) argues, can and should play an important role in providing feasible ways for families to balance the conflicting demands of work and care-giving obligations, particularly as women continue to seek full participation in the workforce. Though the company had no powers to announce legal penalty to the